Dimensional Physics
Everything consists of spacetime.
Everything consists of spacetime.
We already learned a few things about DP in Part 2. Unfortunately, this is not enough to cover the entire field of physics. Part 1 was a brief introduction, and Part 2 actually only covers SR and GR. Nevertheless, we have already heard quite a bit about QM with the dimensional transition. This is unavoidable here. In textbook physics, GR and QM tend to be viewed as hostile to each other. This is one of the fundamental reasons why DP was developed. In DP, the boundaries are fluid. A 100% clear distinction is not possible. In Chapter 6 on cosmology, it hopefully became clear that we cannot understand, for example, the evolution of the universe without QM. In DP, QM is built on the structure of spacetime.
The depth of QM was still missing. We want to make up for that now. We will continue to try to keep the level of mathematics low. In some places, this will be more difficult than for GR. We will try anyway. In our explanations, we will very often use good old quantum mechanics (QM) rather than quantum field theory (QFT). The low-dimensional spacetime configurations correspond to the fields of QFT. Therefore, this mathematical modeling is almost exact for the approach from DP. Mathematics for QFT is too difficult for a broad audience. Many things are easier to explain in QM and mathematics is less complex.
We will start this chapter with a brief review of topics from Part 2 that are important for QM and that we should always keep in mind as we continue reading. The last section of this chapter covers the structure and content of Part 3.
Here we want to recall the points important for QM that were already discussed in Part 2. These points are all related to the low-dimensional transition from 3D to 2D. As is usual in QM theory, these are almost exclusively prohibitions:
As complicated as QM may be in mathematics, these 5 points are sufficient to derive everything. Four points come from the dimensional boundary, and the last point determines that this boundary must exist.
We take three points from the repetition and look at what explicit effect they have in QM.
If we write down the essence of these points as keywords, we get:
In these 3 points, we have almost described all the “strange” or at least non-intuitive properties of QM. The dimensional transition is responsible for almost all properties of QM. But only almost, e.g., Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is already included in the definition of spacetime density.
Then we will learn about new spacetime configurations. So far, when we have talked about 3D spacetime, we have only had the possible mappings to 1D and 2D. That is a little too little for the entire particle zoo of the Standard Model. We will combine 1D and 2D spacetimes into new spacetimes. This will then result in fields for all elementary particles, fermions, and bosons. In particular, strange things will happen, such as 3D ≠ 3D. If we build a new spacetime configuration from three orthogonal 2D spacetimes via at least one black hole, it will contain all three spatial dimensions, but it will not have a 3D spacetime volume. This explicitly does not correspond to our spacetime. The volume will still be zero. This will necessarily result in the three families or generations of fermions.
Another point to which we assign a different meaning here is information. In DP, information will always be bound to a spacetime configuration. This has enormous implications for the process of measurement. We will recognize that the “collapse of the wave function” is not bound to the measurement, but to the generation of information in 3D. As is customary, we will discuss the double slit. In order to understand the result of the experiment, the concept of information must be better defined. Then it is no longer a problem that an interference pattern only occurs when the path information at the double slit is not available. Even if the information is subsequently deleted. In DP, there is no causality backward in time. The information is either there, or it is not. A point in time or a time sequence plays no role across the dimensional boundary.
We will stop the list here. What we can recognize, however, is that we are continuing exactly where we left off. Well-known terms, such as information, must be questioned again from the ground up. The well-known mathematics of QFT (but here almost always QM) will take on physical significance. However, this will be based on the new fundamental elements from DP. This means that Part 3 must also be read in the given order. Otherwise, we will use a familiar term such as information, and you will not have noticed the “new meaning.”
In order to understand QM within DP, we will first clarify some basic concepts of QM. These are the first five chapters: superposition, uncertainty, entanglement, probability, and quantization. This is a very subjective selection on my part. Some claim that everything can be derived from a single point, such as superposition. I believe that after the five chapters, we will have a simple and understandable structure of QM. There are sayings such as: “Anyone who thinks they understand QM has not understood it.” We want to prove that QM can also be understood logically. We cannot use these points as a kind of axiom for QM. We only have GR with spacetime density and dimensional transition. No new elements are added here. Therefore, it is important for us to already understand the basic concept of QM from these points. The rest is then just a deepening of the ideas or the appropriate mathematical description.
After that, we will have to look at the mathematics. Don’t panic, it will remain understandable. We will clarify questions such as:
Then we will take a closer look at the measurement with the double-slit experiment. We will see that there is nothing inexplicable, such as a collapse of the wave function or anything similar. The concepts discussed earlier can be clearly demonstrated here. In particular, the outcome of the experiment can only be understood logically if the DP’s view of the concept of information is known.
Before we can look at the particle zoo, we need to look at the topic of fields. For us, these are the spacetime configurations. Only when we have a description of these can we understand the structure of elementary particles. That is why the Standard Model comes right after fields. The interactions between particles are described in the last chapter. The Standard Model with interactions will take up two more large chapters, but then we will be done. I hope you continue to enjoy reading DP and gain new insights.